Saturday 24 September 2016

The Maltese Language #2

In the first post regarding the Maltese language, I introduced the alphabet.
Today, following my notes order, I am going to write about the article, but first let me add that in the Maltese alphabet the consonants are arranged in two groups:
Sun Consonants:  Ċ, D, N, R, S, T, X, Z, Ż
Moon Consonants: B, F, Ġ, Ħ, J, K, L, M, P, Q, V, W

This grouping will make easier to remember the rules for a correct use of the articles.

The Maltese language actually has only one article: il-
Note that the article requires to be separated from the following word with a "-" (dash).

Even though it is written as one of the Italian articles, its usage is in fact very similar to the English the: it remains the same regardless the number and the genre of the noun it precedes.

However, unlike the English article, the Maltese one changes slightly depending on the first letter of the following word.

If the following word starts with a        The article is
Vowel A, E, I, O, U, IE                    L-
GĦ, H                                      L-
Sun consonants                             I<consonant>-
Moon consonants                            IL-

Basically, when the word that follows starts with a sun consonants the L changes into that consonant. If the word that follows starts with a vowel, the I is dropped. In all the other cases the article is always IL-.

Since għ and h do not have a sound on themselves, the rule is the same of the vowels one.

Some examples:

L-Ilma      The water
L-Ieħor     The other one
L-Ħobż      The breadIĊ-Ċirasa   The cherry
ID-Dar      The house
IX-Xita     The rain
IL-Mara     The woman

The last example "il-mara" gives me the opportunity to introduce one characteristic of the Maltese language: adding the article to a word, can change the meaning of it.
In this case, "il-mara" can be used with the meaning "my wife".
To distinguish these cases in writing, the general rule is to change to capital the first letter of the word following the article.
In speaking, the intended meaning can be understood from the context.

Some examples:

Il-mara     The woman
Il-Mara     My wife 
Il-raġel    The man
Il-Raġel    My husband
L-erbgħa    The four
L-Erbgħa    Wednesday

As far as I know, there are no exceptions to the rules for determining the correct article, but I cannot be completely sure, being my knowledge limited.
Native Maltese speakers, am I correct?

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